AICAR is an analogue of adenosine monophosphate. It has been used clinically to protect against cardiac ischemia following heart attack. AICAR has antioxidant properties and may therefore help to slow the physiologic signs of aging. There is ongoing research into the use of AICAR to mediate the effects of diabetes, auto-immune diseases, and other inflammatory conditions.

5-amino-1MQ is a small molecule that blocks the activity of the enzyme called nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). By blocking NNMT, 5-amino-1MQ stimulates an increase in NAD+, a cofactor that is central to cellular metabolism, thereby increasing metabolic rate and activating a gene called sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). SIRT1 is also known as the "longevity gene" because of its role in reducing the risk of diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and other forms of cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, liver disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer.

Semaglutide is a widely researched peptide-based compound recognized for its significant role in metabolic regulation and appetite control. It belongs to the class of GLP-1 receptor agonists, which are designed to mimic naturally occurring hormones involved in glucose metabolism and satiety signaling.